Air Blown Waving Santa Claus, Xmas Decor, Holiday Inflatables , 
Christianity in China portal
Further information: Protestantism in China
The Amity Foundation Headquarters, Nanjing, China
The Amity Foundation (simplified Chinese: ?????) is an independent Chinese voluntary organization. It was created in 1985 on the initiative of Christians in China, with the main objective of helping poor areas of the country to develop. Amity headquarters are in Nanjing. The organization is also known for its Amity Printing Company (APC, also sometimes called Amity Printing Press), the largest Bible producer in China.
Contents
1 From faith to social actions
2 Activities
3 Amity Printing Company (APC)
4 See also
5 External links
//
From faith to social actions
Amity Printing Company, Nanjing, China
One of the driving forces behind the Amity Foundation has been the desire of Chinese Christians, who like other religious groups had experienced persecution especially during the Cultural Revolution, to contribute to the rebuilding and development of society. From the start, it has worked to spread education, social services, health, and rural development from China's coastal provinces in the east to the minority areas of the west. Amity sees itself not as a faith-based, but a faith-initiated organization and works with Christians, members of other religious communities and atheists alike. Its president is Bishop K. H. Ting.
Activities
Disaster relief
Support of church-run social work
Support of medical education in China's poorest areas
HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention training
Education in the countryside and for the children of migrant workers, including the Amity Teachers Program
Special education (e.g. work with deaf or disabled children)
Taking care of orphans
Environmental protection
Integrated development (e.g. providing basic health care, schooling, clean energy, agricultural skills training and microfinance to a village community)
Amity Printing Company (APC)
The Amity Printing Company (APC, simplified Chinese: ????????) in Nanjing is the largest producer of Bibles in China, and one of the largest in the world. Partly in cooperation with the United Bible Societies, since 1987 it has published Bibles in Mandarin and in several ethnic minority languages, as well as in many other languages for export.
The APC has so far published more than 50 million Bibles. The Chinese Bibles are distributed not by the state-run bookstore chains (such as Xinhua), but through the network of officially registered Protestant churches. Most of the Bibles printed give the Chinese Union Version, (simplified Chinese: ???, 1919), the predominant Chinese Bible translation.
See also
China Christian Council
Three-Self Patriotic Movement
Chinese Bible Translations
Amity Teachers Program
Christianity in China
United Bible Societies
External links
Amity Foundation website (Chinese); Amity Foundation website (English)
Amity Newsletter (ANL), a quarterly English-language publication which reports on Amity's project work
Amity Printing Company
Categories: Organizations based in China | Christianity in China
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LED Lamp , 
Solar chemical refers to a number of possible processes that harness solar energy by absorbing sunlight in a chemical reaction in a way similar to photosynthesis in plants but without using living organisms. No practical process has yet emerged.
A promising approach is to use focused sunlight to provide the energy needed to split water into its constituent hydrogen and oxygen in the presence of a metallic catalyst such as zinc. This is normally done is a two step process so that hydrogen and oxygen are not produced in the same chamber leading to potentially explosive consequences.
It is also possible to use solar light to drive industrial chemical reactions and applications without a requirement for fossil fuel.
Sunlight energy storing chemicals
Anthracene dimerisation
Photodimerization is the light induced formation of dimers. As early as 1909, the dimerization of anthracene into dianthracene was investigated as a means of storing solar energy. The photodimerization of the napthalene series has also been investigated.
Photoisomerization is the light induced formation of isomers. Various ketones, azepines and norbornadienes among other compounds have been investigated as potential energy storing isomers.
Norbornadiene - Quadricyclane couple is of potencial interest of sunlight energy storage
The norbornadiene-quadricyclane couple is of most potential interest for solar energy storage processes. The controlled release of the strain energy stored in quadricyclane (about 110 k J/mole) back to norbornadiene is made possible. Also, many different derivatives of norbornadiene has been investigated for this reaction.
References
^ Bolton (1977), p. 235-237
^ Bolton (1977), p. 238-240
Bolton, James (1977). Solar Power and Fuels. Academic Press, Inc.. ISBN 0121123502.
External links
ANU Thermochemical energy storage system - Australian National University, Canberra.
Laboratory for Solar Technology - Paul Scherrer Institute , Villigen, Switzerland.
Power & Energy Magazine , March 2004 article on Paul Scherrer Institute work
Solar Chemistry Project Plataforma Solar de Almer, Spain,
Isracast - Israel,
Hydrogen Solar- UK.
v?d?eSolar energy
Concepts
Insolation Solar radiation
Energy production
Thermal
Solar thermal energy Solar heating Solar chimney Solar air conditioning Thermal mass
Chemical
Solar chemical
Experimental
Solar updraft tower Solar pond Thermogenerator
Concentrators
Concentrating solar power Heliostat Solar tracker Parabolic trough
Photovoltaics
Photovoltaics Solar cell Polymer solar cell Nanocrystal solar cell Photovoltaic module Photovoltaic array Photovoltaic system Photovoltaic power station
By country
Australia Canada China Germany India Israel Japan Portugal Spain United Kingdom United States
Distribution
Storage
Thermal mass Thermal energy storage Phase change material Grid energy storage
Deployment
Deployment of solar power to energy grids Feed-in tariff Net metering PV financial incentives Levelized energy cost
Transport
Land and water
Solar vehicle Solar car racing World Solar Challenge Electric boat
Air
Electric aircraft Gossamer Penguin Pathfinder Helios Zephyr Solar balloon
Space
Solar sails Magnetic sail Space solar power Solar power satellite Solar thermal rocket
Other applications
Agriculture
Agriculture Horticulture Green house Polytunnel Row cover Solar-powered pump
Lighting
Hybrid solar lighting Solar lamp Solar Tuki Light tube Daylighting
Process heat
Solar pond Solar furnace Salt evaporation pond Solar forge
Cooking
Solar cooker
Disinfection
Solar water disinfection Soil solarization
Desalination
Solar still Desalination
Water heating
Solar hot water Solar combisystem Zero carbon solar controller
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A shaft-driven bicycle.
Dynamic "Runabout" shaft-driven bicycle
A shaft-driven bicycle is a chainless bicycle that uses a driveshaft instead of a chain to transmit power from the pedals to the wheel. Shaft drives were introduced over a century ago, but were mostly supplanted by chain-driven bicycles due to the gear ranges possible with sprockets and derailleurs. Recently, due to advancements in internal gear technology, a small number of modern shaft-driven bicycles have been introduced.
Shaft-driven bikes have a large bevel gear where a conventional bike would have its chainring. This meshes with another bevel gear mounted on the driveshaft. The use of bevel gears allows the axis of the drive torque from the pedals to be turned through 90 degrees. The driveshaft then has another bevel gear near the rear wheel hub which meshes with a bevel gear on the hub where the rear sprocket would be on a conventional bike, and cancelling out the first drive torque change of axis.
The 90-degree change of the drive plane that occurs at the bottom bracket and again at the rear hub requires the use of bevel gears. Bevel gears are the most efficient way of turning drives 90 degrees as compared to worm gears or crossed helical gears. The driveshaft is often mated to a hub gear which is an internal gear system housed inside the rear hub. Today, there are three significant manufacturers of internal hubs suitable for use with shaft drive systems, including Shimano Nexus, SRAM and Sturmey-Archer.
Contents
1 Comparison of shaft vs chain driven bicycles
1.1 Advantages
1.2 Disadvantages
2 Past and present
3 References
4 See also
5 External links
//
Comparison of shaft vs chain driven bicycles
Drive-shaft housing
Right-hand shift lever
Bevel ring gear on the rear wheel of a shaft-drive bicycle
A valid comparison of shaft vs. chain drives can only be made if both bikes use the same type of gearing, whether single-speed or with an internal gear system. Most of the advantages claimed for a shaft drive can be realized by using a fully-enclosed chain case.
Advantages
Compactness: The driveshaft and bevel gears take up less volume than an enclosed chain.
Ground clearance: The driveshaft system allows greater ground clearance.
Enclosed drive system: The driveshaft and gearing are enclosed which protects moving parts from the elements.
Safety: There is no danger of clothing or fingers being drawn into the chain and sprockets.
Cleanliness: Because a bicycle chain needs to be lubricated, usually with oil, a chain driven bicycle can stain its rider's clothing and hands.
Consistency of performance: Shaft drives operate at a very consistent rate of efficiency and performance, without adjustments or maintenance.
Suitability to longer drive trains: The shaft-driven system is particularly suitable to many recumbent applications where there is a long distance from the crankset to the driven rear wheel. Maintaining chain tension is often difficult for these applications. Also, the chain line may not be straight, necessitating the use of extra jockey wheels. A drive shaft can relatively easily turn through these slight angles with the use of a universal joint.
Longevity: The driveshaft keeps its performance stable for almost any length of time, whereas a chain deteriorates, and chain as well as sprockets have to be replaced.
Reduced maintenance and repair: Because a driveshaft is fully enclosed, it is less susceptible to damage and does not require adjustments or cleaning like chains.
Disadvantages
Power loss: A shaft-driven system is less efficient than a well maintained chain-driven system. Shaft driven systems are often quoted as being "95% efficient", while chain driven systems are quoted as "98% efficient".[citation needed]
Complexity: Though the shaft-driven system seems simple on the outside, the manufacture of the necessary bevel gears is complex compared to that of a chain and sprockets.[citation needed]
Cost: Due to the manufacturing complexity of the frame and shaft drive, the manufacturing cost is typically higher.
Gear range: Internal hub geared bikes typically have a more restricted gear range than comparable derailleur-equipped bikes, and have fewer ratios within that range (an issue because a rider typically prefers to pedal within a fairly narrow cadence band).
Weight: A shaft-driven bicycle typically weighs about one pound (500 grams) more than an equivalent chain-driven bicycle.
Changing a flat: shaft drives are typically more complex to disassemble when repairing punctures.
Some of the other issues addressed by the shaft drive, such as protection for clothing and from ingress of dirt, can be met through the use of chain guards. The reduced need for adjustment in shaft-drive bikes also applies to a similar extent in chain drive hub geared bikes. Not all hub gear systems are shaft compatible.
Bicycles typically employ more torque (an adult man can easily generate more than 100 ft-lb) but at much lower rotational speed than motorcycles and cars. This mitigates against shaft drive as the shafts must be large to cope with the torque, which adds to their mass. This is particularly noticeable when pedalling hard, when there can be noticeable torsional springing in the drive train.
Past and present
The shaft-driven bicycle was originally developed in the late 1800s. The French company L'Acatane did most of the development in the 1890s. During this period, Columbia aggressively marketed the chainless bicycle in the USA. Chainless bicycles were moderately popular in 1898 and 1899, although sales were still much smaller than regular bicycles, primarily due to the high cost. The bikes were also somewhat less efficient than regular bicycles -- there was roughly an 8 percent in the gearing, in part due to limited manufacturing technology at the time (although the efficiency loss was not huge -- Major Taylor won several races on a shaft drive bicycle). The rear wheel was also more difficult to remove to change flats. Many of these deficiencies have been overcome in the past century.
While a small number of chainless bicycles were available, for the most part, shaft-driven bicycles disappeared from view for most of the 20th century. There is, however, still a niche market for chainless bikes, especially for commuters, and there are a number of manufacturers who offer them either as part of a larger range or as a primary specialisation.
References
See also
Velovision magazine regularly reviews shaft-drive bikes.
External links
Schematic of drive system
Detailed discussion on gearing
Drive Shaft Bicycle Web Page
Giovelli's "Shaft-Drive" system
v?d?eGears
Gear systems
Spur gear systems ? Worm gear ? Rack and pinion ? Epicyclic (planetary) gearing ? Sun and planet gear ? Harmonic drive ? Cycloidal drive ? Non-circular gear
Gear shapes
Spur gear ? Bevel gear? Spiral bevel gear ? Helical gear
Geartooth profiles
Involute ? Cycloid
Gear mechanics
Transmission ? Differential ? Gear coupling ? Gear train ? Bicycle gearing ? Continuously variable transmission ? Offset (gears)
Examples
In Bicycles: Cogset ? Derailleur gears ? Hub gear ? Shaft-driven bicycle ? SprocketIn Horology: Wheel train
See also
Ball screw ? Leadscrew ? Jackscrew ? Belt drive ? Chain drive ? Gear manufacturing ? Odontograph ? Odontometer ? Freewheel
Categories: Cycle types
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Black Or Red Artificial Christmas Trees , 
Mr. Brown Coffee (Chinese: ????; pinyin: B?ng K?f?i) is a series of canned coffee products produced by the King Car company of Taiwan. It was launched in 1982.
Mr. Brown Coffee is sold in 240ml steel cans and 330ml plastic bottles. Varieties include original, espresso, cappuccino, vanilla, Colombian, and Blue Mountain Style.
In 2008, Mr. Brown instant coffee mixes were found to be contaminated with melamine.
See also
2008 Chinese milk scandal
References
^ "FDA warns of instant coffee in U.S. from China". Reuters. MSNBC. September 26, 2008. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/26903752/. Retrieved on 2008-10-12.
External links
Official site (Chinese)
History of the Chung Li plant
Review
Sunny Maid Corp. Distributors of Mr. Brown Coffee in the USA
Everlasting Distributors Exclusive distributors of Mr. Brown Coffee in the USA
??This brand-name food or drink product article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Categories: Coffee brands | Taiwanese cuisine | Brand name food products stubs
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weather station,lcd clock,weather forecast clock,table clock,wireless weather station,electronic calendar,thermometer,hygrometer , 
Lead soft-point, boat-tailed, copper-jacketed bullets
A bullet is a hard projectile propelled by a firearm, sling, or air gun and is normally made from metal. A bullet does not contain explosives, but damages the intended target by tissue or mechanical disruption through impact or penetration. The word "bullet" is sometimes erroneously used to refer to a cartridge, which is the combination of bullet, casing (case or shell), gunpowder and primer. See ammunition. The Oxford English Dictionary definition of a bullet is "a projectile of lead ... for firing from a rifle, revolver etc." However, bullets for air guns are not part of a cartridge.
Contents
1 History
1.1 Pointed bullets
1.2 The modern bullet
2 Design
3 Materials
4 Treaties
5 Bullet Abbreviations
6 Figurative uses
7 References
8 See also
9 External links
//
History
The history of bullets parallels the history of firearms. It's no surprise that advances in one resulted from or precipitated advances in the other. Originally, bullets were metallic or stone balls placed in front of an explosive charge of gun powder at the end of a closed tube. As firearms became more technologically advanced, from 1500 to 1800, bullets changed very little. They remained simple round (spherical) lead balls, called rounds, differing only in their diameter
The development of the hand culverin and matchlock arquebus brought about the use of cast lead balls as projectiles. "Bullet" is derived from the French word "boulette" which roughly means "little ball". The original musket bullet was a spherical lead ball two sizes smaller than the bore, wrapped in a loosely-fitted paper patch which served to hold the bullet in the barrel firmly upon the powder. (Bullets that were not firmly upon the powder upon firing risked causing the barrel to explode, with the condition known as a "short start".) The loading of muskets was, therefore, easy with the old smooth-bore Brown Bess and similar military muskets. The original muzzle-loading rifle, on the other hand, with a more closely fitting ball to take the rifling grooves, was loaded with difficulty, particularly when the bore of the barrel was dirty from previous firings ("fouled"). For this reason, early rifles were not generally used for military purposes. Early rifle bullets required cloth or leather patches to grip the rifling grooves, and to hold the bullet securely against the powder.
The first half of the nineteenth century saw a distinct change in the shape and function of the bullet. In 1826, Delirque, a French infantry officer, invented a breech with abrupt shoulders on which a spherical bullet was rammed down until it caught the rifling grooves. Delirque's method, however, deformed the bullet and was inaccurate.
Pointed bullets
Among the first pointed or "conical" bullets were those designed by Captain John Norton of the British Army in 1823. Norton's bullet had a hollow base which expanded under pressure to engage with a barrel's "rifling" (internal grooves) at the moment of being fired; the British Board of Ordnance rejected it because spherical bullets had been in use for the last 300 years.
Renowned English gunsmith William Greener invented the Greener bullet in 1836. It was very similar to Norton's bullet except that the hollow base of the bullet was fitted with a wooden plug which more reliably forced the base of the bullet to expand and catch the rifling. Tests proved that Greener's bullet was extremely effective but it too was rejected for military use because, being two parts, it was judged as being too complicated to produce.
Mini ball ammunition
The soft lead bullet that came to be known as the Mini ball, (or minnie ball) was first introduced in 1847 by Claude ienne Mini (1814? - 1879), a captain in the French Army. It was nearly identical to the Greener bullet. As designed by Mini, the bullet was conical in shape with a hollow cavity in the rear, which was fitted with a little iron cap instead of a wooden plug. When fired, the iron cap would force itself into the hollow cavity at the rear of the bullet, thereby expanding the sides of the bullet to grip and engage the rifling. In 1855, the British adopted the Mini ball for their Enfield rifles.
It was in the American Civil War, however, that the Mini ball first saw widespread use. Roughly 90% of the battlefield casualties in this war were caused by Mini balls fired from rifles.
Between 1854 and 1857, Sir Joseph Whitworth conducted a long series of rifle experiments, and proved, among other points, the advantages of a smaller bore and, in particular, of an elongated bullet. The Whitworth bullet was made to fit the grooves of the rifle mechanically. The Whitworth rifle was never adopted by the government, although it was used extensively for match purposes and target practice between 1857 and 1866, when it was gradually superseded by Metford's.
About 1862 and later, W. E. Metford had carried out an exhaustive series of experiments on bullets and rifling, and had invented the important system of light rifling with increasing spiral, and a hardened bullet. The combined result of the above inventions was that in December 1888 the Lee-Metford small-bore (0.303", 7.70 mm) rifle, Mark I, (photo of cartridge on right) was finally adopted for the British army. The Lee-Metford was the predecessor of the Lee-Enfield.
The modern bullet
.270 ammunition. Left to Right:100-grain (6.5g) - Hollow Point115-grain (7.5g) - FMJBT130-grain (8.4g) - Soft point,150-grain (9.7g) - round nose.
.303 inch (7.70 mm) centrefire, FMJ rimmed ammunition
The next important change in the history of the rifle bullet occurred in 1883, when Major Rubin, director of the Swiss Laboratory at Thun, invented the copper jacketed bullet; an elongated bullet with a lead core in a copper envelope or jacket.
The copper jacketed bullet allows much higher muzzle velocities than lead alone, as copper has a much higher melting point, greater specific heat capacity, and is harder. Lead bullets fired at high velocity may suffer surface melting due to hot gases behind and friction with the bore.
European advances in aerodynamics led to the pointed spitzer bullet. By the beginning of the twentieth century, most world armies had begun to transition to spitzer bullets. These bullets flew for greater distances more accurately and carried more energy with them. Spitzer bullets combined with machine guns increased the lethality of the battlefield drastically.
The final advancement in bullet shape occurred with the development of the boat tail which is a streamlined base for spitzer bullets. A vacuum is created when air strata moving at high speed passes over the end of a bullet. The streamlined boat tail design aims to eliminate this drag-inducing vacuum by allowing the air to flow alongside the surface of the tapering end, thus eliminating the need for air to turn around the 90-degree angle normally formed by the end of shaped bullets. The resulting aerodynamic advantage is currently seen as the optimum shape for rifle technology. The spitzer boat-tailed bullet ( Balle "D" ) was first introduced as standard ammunition in a military rifle in 1901, for the French Lebel Mle 1886 service weapon.
Design
A modern cartridge consists of the following:1. the bullet itself, which serves as the projectile;2. the case, which holds all parts together;3. the propellant, for example gunpowder or cordite;4. the rim, part of the casing used for loading;5. the primer, which ignites the propellant.
Bullet designs have to solve two primary problems. They must first form a seal with the gun's bore. The worse the seal, the more gas, generated by the rapid combustion of the propellant charge, leaks past the... To get More information , you can visit some products about kdf water filter, bmw oil filter, heat smoke detectors, residential water filters, . The weather station,lcd clock,weather forecast clock,table clock,wireless weather station,electronic calendar,thermometer,hygrometer products should be show more here!
